Hair waving apparatus



' Aug. 25, 1936.-

F. Klss 2,052,352

HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 24, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 A. 14 I l 4 I I I 12 54 26 16 l i 6 v a 7 Aug. 25, 1936.

F'. KISS HAIR wAvIyG APPARATUS Filed Au 24, 1954 Z'She'ets-Sheet 2 Fig. 8

. Fig.6

Patented Aug. 25, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HAIR WAVING APPARATUS Application August 24, 1934, Serial No. 741,287 In Germany August 25, 1933 12 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for hair curling and waving, and more particularly for permanent hair waving. It relates more particularly to apparatus used for this purpose wherein the hair to be treated is wound upon a spindle and is heated preferably both from the outside and the inside, said spindle being enclosed within a heating chamber formed by a casing comprising two pivoted sections of heat conductive material which are closed about said spindle by springs and are each provided with a handle. By pressing said handles together said sections can be opened against the action of said springs for the introduction and withdrawal of said spindle.

The invention and its aims and objects will be readily understood from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, of illustrative apparatus embodying the features of the invention, the true scope of the invention being more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a spindle with interior and exterior heating means for the hair;

Fig. 2 is a perspective View of an illustrative form of casing viewed from below;

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the casing shown in Fig. 2 with a spindle in place therein;

Fig. 4 is a lateral view of a spindle, one side in elevation and the other in longitudinal section and showing resistances for heating the hair from the outside, mounted in readily removable caps;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 of a spindle without means for heating the hair from the inside;

Fig. 6 shows means to protect the operator from contact with the heated parts;

Fig. '7 is a vertical cross section on line 1-1 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 8 isa Fig. 3.

Referring to Fig. 1, the spindle upon which the hair is wound is shown at 2 and is provided at each end with insulating members 4 about which are wound heating wires or resistances 6, preferably in series with a resistance 8 provided within said spindle 2. The resistances 6 are covered by metal sleeves H] which are insulated from the outer covering of said spindle by said insulating members 4. Insulating caps l2, preferably of somewhat greater diameter than said insulating members are carried by the latter from which project contact pins I4.

It will be apparent that the resistances 6 could be connected in parallel with said interior IQ- vertical cross section on line 8-8 of sistance 8 instead of in series, but the latter arrangement is preferred.

Referring to Fig. 2, in the illustrative form of easing shown, the heating chamber comprises two sections I 6-46 of the same shape, each preferably formed from a single piece of sheet metal. Each section is provided with a longitudinal semicylindrical recess l8 for the reception of a pin shown in dotted lines, Fig. 3. Springs 22--22 at either end of said casing clamp said sections in closed position upon said pin 20, the cross sectional shape of the closed heating chamber thus formed being clearly shown in Fig. 8. To open said chamber for the introduction or removal of said spindle 2, the two handles 24-4 3, one of which is carried by each of said sections, are pressed together, thus causing said sections to pivot outwardly about said pin 20 against the action of said springs 22-22.

When said spindle 2 is placed in said'casing and handles 24-25 are released, the semi-cylindrical end portions 2626 of said sections are firmly clamped upon said metal sleeves llJ-l0 which are thus completely embraced by the cylindrical sleeves thus formed, the heat generated by said resistances 6--6 being thus communicated through said sleeves Hll0 and portions 26--26 of said casing to the latter, thus heating the heating chamber and the hair upon said spindle from without, the hair being heated from within by said resistance 8. The end portions 26--26 of said casing and the metal sleeves Ill-l0 at the ends of said spindle, will preferably present extended contact surfaces, so that when said semicylindrical end portions 26-26 of said two sections are clamped about said sleeves ill-Ill upon said spindle, the surfaces in contact will be of sufiicient longitudinal extent to provide a tight closure of said heating chamber at both ends. By making the radius of said portions 26-26 slightly less than that of said metal sleeves Ill-l0, the spindle 2 will be so tightly clamped that rotation thereof in said casing and unwinding of the hair from the spindle will be preeluded. The bottom surface of said casing will preferably be flat, substantially as-shown, the bottom edges of said sections being recessed as shown to provide a slot like opening 28 in the bottom surface 30 through which the lock of hair will extend when said chamber is closed, without touching said sections. When the lock of hair is wound upon the spindle and the latter is in place in' the casing the bottom surface 30 of said casing is held in close contact with the surface 32 of the usual rubber clamp. The slot 28 is therefore tightly closed, and as the heating chamber is also tightly closed at both ends as above set forth by the clamping contact of the longitudinally extended contact surfaces of the parts 2625 with said sleeves lfllfl, the heating chamber is practically airtight.

In accordance with the invention the means for heating the hair on the outside will preferably be made removable. This may be conveniently efiected as illustrated in Fig-3. 4 by mounting said resistances 6 on removable caps 36. Each cap 36, of insulating material, wood for example, is provided with a cylindrical projecting portion 38 of reduced diameter and recessed at 40 to fit over the cylindrical end of the metal spindle 2. Said resistances 6 are wound upon said cylindrical portions 38 of said caps and are covered by metal sleeves 42 carried by said caps, said resistances being electrically insulated in any suitable manner from said sleeves 42. In the bottom wall of said recess 46 there is countersunk a nut 44. By turning said cap 35 in placing it upon the end of said spindle, said nut will be screwed on a screw threaded pin 46 projecting from the end of said spindle, whereby said cap and resistances 6 carried thereby will be firmly but readily removably secured to the end of said spindle. Each end of the interior resistance 8 is clamped between one end of said spindle and a nut 48 screwed onto said pin 45. One end of each resistance 6 is connected to a nut 50, its other end being connected to said nut 44. The screw-threaded pin 46 being of electrically conductive material, resistances 6 are thus connected in series to said resistance 8 with the order of resistance 6, resistance 8, resistance 6.

If desired, the resistance within the spindle for heating the hair from the inside may be omitted so that the hair may be heated only from the outside. This is illustrated in Fig. 5, wherein the resistance 8 is replaced by a simple copper wire 52.

To protect the operator from accidental contact with heated portions of the apparatus when taking hold of caps 12, protective disks 54 may be provided at the inner ends of said caps, as illustrated in Fig. 6.

It will be apparent that instead of providing a resistance at each end of the spindle for heating the hair from the outside, a resistance at only one end of said spindle could be provided for this purpose without departing from the spirit of the invention.

The invention possesses many advantages over apparatus heretofore used for the same purpose. The double heating, that is to say heating the hair both from the inside and the outside is greatly simplified by the present invention by associating with the spindle upon which the hair is wound, the heating resistances which serve to heat the hair from the outside, preferably by placing said resistances at one or both ends of said spindle. This represents'a material saving in material as it eliminates a special exterior heating resistance located laterally of the spindle and generally within the pivot pin of the casing section. It also eliminates the special contacts for connecting the interior heating resistance with the exterior heating resistance. It also greatly simplifies the manufacture and reduces the general cost of production. The reliability of the operation of the apparatus is also thus increased by the elimination of more or less unreliable contacts. Associating the resistances for exterior heating of the hair with the spindle also makes for greater lightness and improves the balance by lowering the center of gravity of the apparatus in locating it practically in the spindle, thereby diminishing the danger of the apparatus tipping on the head. The increased cross section and length of the end portions of the spindle, due to placing therein the resistances for heating the hair exteriorly provide contact surfaces of large area for the clamping members 26 at the ends of the casing with their longitudi- 10 nally extended clamping surfaces. This makes for a tight closure at both ends of the heating chamber and increases the heat conductivity between the resistances at the ends of the spindle and the casing. This tight closure at both ends of the chamber coupled with the equally tight closure by the usual rubber clamp 34 of the slot 28 prevents the escape of steam from the heating chamber, thus increasing within the chamber the pressure of the vapors generated by 20 the liquids with which the hair has been moistened and retaining the moisture within said chamber. This results in a thorough softening of each separate hair and enables a good and lasting permanent wave to be produced.- very 25 quickly, without the use of the cumbersome cloth or paper wrappings heretofore used to cover the hair upon the spindle.

In accordance with the present invention, the end portions 26 of the casing need not be reduced 30 in diameter but on the contrary these may be of the same diameter or cross section as the heating chamber itself. This greatly simplifies the construction.

The slot 28 through which the lock of hair 35 extends prevents the hair from touching the adjacent edges of the two sections and this prevents kinking and burning of the hair where it enters the heating chamber. The large frictional area of the surfaces on the spindle which are clamped by the longitudinally extended clamping portions 26 prevents rotation of the spindle and unwinding of the hair therefrom. Making the resistances 6 removable facilitates replacement and changing of spindles, replacing 45 a spindle with interior heating resistance for one without for example, or exchanging a spindle of one form for one of another form, while retaining the resistances at the ends of the spindle for exterior heating of the hair. 50

I am aware that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential atttributes thereof, and I therefore desire the present embodiment to be considered in all respects as illus- 55 trative and not restrictive, reference being had to the appended claims rather than to the foregoing description to indicate the scope of the invention.

I claim:

1. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; a casing comprising two pivotal sections forming a heating chamber when closed; a heating resistance at either end of said spindle; heat conductive sleeves covering said resistances; and clamping means carried by said sections to clamp said spindle in place in said chamber, said clamping means engaging said sleeves at either end of said spindle.

2. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; a casing comprising two pivoted sections forming a heating chamber when closed;

clamping means carried by said sections to clamp said spindle in place in said chamber, said clamping means clamping said spindle adjacent each end; and heating resistances adjacent each end of said spindle for heating said casing.

3. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; a casing comprising two pivoted sections forming a heating chamber when closed; clamping means carried by said sections to clamp said spindle in place in said chamber; and heating resistances for said casing carried by said spindle.

4. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; heating resistance means carried by said spindle for heating the hair from the outside; a casing comprising two pivoted sections forming a heating chamber when closed; and clamping means carried by said sections to clamp said spindle adjacent said resistance means.

5. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; heating resistance means carried by said spindle; a casing comprising two pivoted sections forming a heating chamber when closed; clamping means carried by said sections to clamp said spindle about said resistance means; and a resistance within said spindle.

6. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; a casing comprising two pivoted sections to form a heating chamber when closed; clamping means at the ends of said sections and presenting longitudinally extended semi-cylindrical clamping surfaces; and longitudinally extended cylindrical surfaces at the ends of said spindle to be embraced by said longitudinally extended clamping surfaces and effect a tight closure of said heating chamber at both ends.

7. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; a casing comprising two pivoted sections to'form a heating chamber when closed; clamping means at the ends of said sections presenting longitudinally extended semi-cylindrical clamping surfaces; and cylindrical surfaces adjacent the ends of said spindle to be embraced by said longitudinally extended clamping surfaces; the radius of said clamping surfaces being slightly less than that of said surfaces embraced thereby.

8. Hair Waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; a casing comprising two pivoted sections to form a heating chamber when closed; clamping means at the ends of said sections presenting longitudinally extended semi-cylindrical clamping surfaces to clamp said spindle, the radius of said heating chamber and that of said clamping surfaces being substantially the same.

9. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; a casing comprising two pivoted sections to form a heating chamber when closed; semi-cylindrical clamping means with longitudinal ly extended semi-cylindrical clamping surfaces; cylindrical surfaces at the ends of said spindle to be embraced by said longitudinally extended clamping surfaces and efiect a tight closure of said heating chamber at both ends, said sections presenting when closed a fiat bottom surface with a longitudinal slot through which the lock of hair extends without engaging the edges thereof; and a hair protecting clamp for insertion between the scalp and the bottom surface of said sections and tightly closing said slot.

10. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; a casing comprising two pivoted sections to form a heating chamber when closed; clamping means at the ends of said sections and presenting longitudinally extended semi-cylindrical clamping surfaces; longitudinally extended cylindrical surfaces at the ends of said spindle to be embraced by said longitudinally extended clamping surfaces and effect a tight closure of said heating chamber at both ends when said sections are closed; and heating means carried by said spindle within said longitudinally extended cylindrical surfaces at the ends of said spindle.

11. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; heating means carried by and arranged externally on said spindle; a metal shield providing a covering of heat conductive material for said heating means; and a metal casing to receive said spindle and provided with clamping means to clamp said covering to hold said spindle in place in said casing.

12. Hair waving apparatus comprising, in combination, a spindle upon which to wind the hair to be treated; an electrical resistance carried by and arranged externally on said spindle; a covering of good heat conductive material for said resistance; and a casing of good heat conductive material to receive said spindle and provided with clamping means of heat conductive material to clamp said covering to hold said spindle in place in said casing.

FRITZ KISS. 

